Researchers Use Stem Cells to Repair Spinal Fractures in Rats

A research team from Osaka Metropolitan University has successfully utilized stem cells derived from adipose tissue to repair spinal fractures in rats. This breakthrough mimics the types of fractures seen in humans with osteoporosis, a condition that significantly weakens bones and increases fracture risk. The findings were published in the journal Bone & Joint Research.

Osteoporosis affects millions worldwide, and in Japan alone, the number of patients is predicted to exceed 15 million in the coming years. Among the various fractures associated with osteoporosis, compression fractures in the spine—known as osteoporotic vertebral fractures—are particularly common. These fractures can severely impact a patient’s quality of life and often necessitate long-term care.

The study focuses on adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), which can be easily extracted from fatty tissue, even in elderly patients, with minimal stress to the body. These multipotent cells can differentiate into various cell types, making them a promising candidate for treating bone diseases. Researchers found that when formed into three-dimensional spherical clusters called spheroids, the ADSCs demonstrated enhanced tissue repair capabilities.

The research team, led by Graduate School of Medicine student Yuta Sawada and Dr. Shinji Takahashi, developed the ADSCs into bone-differentiated spheroids. They combined these with β-tricalcium phosphate, a widely used material in bone reconstruction, to create a complex that significantly improved bone regeneration and strength in the spinal fractures of rats.

Notably, the study observed activation of genes involved in bone formation and regeneration following treatment. “This study has revealed the potential of bone differentiation spheroids using ADSCs for the development of new treatments for spinal fractures,” said Sawada. He emphasized the importance of using fat-derived cells, noting that they impose little burden on the body, thus ensuring patient safety.

Dr. Takahashi echoed this sentiment, stating, “This simple and effective method can treat even difficult fractures and may accelerate healing.” He expressed optimism that this technique could evolve into a new treatment option that enhances the healthy lifespan of patients.

Overall, this research not only highlights the potential of using ADSCs in regenerative medicine but also opens doors for innovative treatments for bone-related ailments. The promising results from the rat models pave the way for further studies that could ultimately benefit human patients suffering from osteoporosis and similar conditions.

More detailed findings can be found in the publication by Sawada et al., titled “Development of a new treatment for osteoporotic vertebral fractures using adipose-derived stem cell spheroids,” which is set to be available in 2025 with the DOI: 10.1302/2046-3758.1410.bjr-2025-0092.r1.